Addition of sulfenyl halides to olefins and acetylenes

ABSTRACT

Acylthiosulfenyl halides, phosphorylsulfenyl halides, and thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides are added to monoolefins, multiolefins and acetylenic compounds. 1,2-Markownikov oriented adducts are the principal products when conjugated diolefins are employed as the starting feedstock. Anti-Markownikov adducts are obtained as major products when unsymmetrical monoolefins and nonconjugated multiolefins are used as the starting material. The addition reactions are conducted at low temperatures.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 836,128 filed June 24, 1969, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 595,559, filed Oct. 28, 1966, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to sulfenyl halide additions to olefinic and acetylenic compounds. More particularly, this invention concerns addition products and a process for producing addition products or adducts, in particular anti-Markownikov oriented products and 1,2-Markownikov oriented products, which are of particular interest as pesticides and as intermediates in the synthesis of pesticides.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In accordance with Markownikov's rule, in the addition reaction of two organic molecules, the least hydrogenated carbon atom of one will combine with the most negative element of the other. Therefore, as disclosed by N. Kharasch, Sulfenium Ions and Sulfenyl Compounds, in "Organic Sulfur Compounds," Vol. 1, 1961, pp. 375-396, the reaction between an olefin and a sulfenyl chloride affords Markownikov-oriented products according to the following equation: ##STR1##

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been discovered that acylthiosulfenyl halides, phosphorylsulfenyl halides, and thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides can be added to olefins and acetylenic compounds to form useful adducts. Anti-Markownikov oriented adducts are secured when the sulfenyl halide materials are added to unsymmetrical monoolefins and non-conjugated multiolefins. If, however, a conjugated diolefin is reacted with the sulfenyl halide material, a 1,2-Markownikov oriented adduct is produced. The adducts of the invention are useful as pesticides and as intermediates in the synthesis of pesticides.

Representative reactions contemplated by the instant invention proceed in the following manner: ##STR2##

Equation (I) illustrates the reaction of an acylthiosulfenyl halide with a terminal monoolefin to arrive at predominantly (greater than 50 mole %) anti-Markownikov oriented products. Anti-Markownikov oriented products will also be secured if phosphorylsulfenyl halides or thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides were substituted for the acylthiosulfenyl halide depicted in the equation. Equation (II) illustrates the reaction of a phosphoryl or thiophosphorylsulfenyl halide with butadiene to secure 1,2 and 1,4-Markownikov oriented products. In reactions of this type, the 1,2-Markownikov oriented product predominates (greater than 50 mole %). As with Equation (I), an acylthiosulfenyl halide could be substituted for the starting phosphoryl based material. Equation (III) illustrates the reaction of an acylthiosulfenyl halide with an acetylenic compound to form an ethylenically unsaturated adduct product. Here again, phosphoryl or thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides could be substituted for the acylthiosulfenyl halide employed in the reaction. The orientation of the product secured with the reactions based on acetylene depends upon the identity of the acetylenic compound and the type of solvent employed in the reaction. For example, when an alkyl substituted acetylenic compound is employed as a co-reactant, the products are primarily anti-Markownkov oriented. In contrast, when a phenylacetylene is employed as a co-reactant, the products are primarily 1,2-Markownikov oriented.

The sulfenyl halide materials that are employed in reactions with unsaturated organic compounds in accordance with the present invention have the following general formulae: ##STR3## wherein x is 0 or 1, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are monovalent, substituted or unsubstituted, hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably (a) a C₁ to C₃₀, more preferably a C₁ to C₁₄ and most preferably a C₁ to C₆ alkyl radical, for example methyl, propyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, 4-ethyldodecyl, 3-butoxyheptyl, 4-chlorohexyl, decyl, 2-t-butyl-4-propylthio-nonyldecane, etc., (b) C₆ to C₁₆ aryl radicals, e.g. phenyl, thiophenyl, thiazole, etc.; (c) C₇ to C₃₀, preferably C₇ to C₁₆, alkylaryl radicals, for example, tolyl, diethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-4-chlorophenyl, diethylnaphthyl, nonyl-phenyl, etc.; (d) C₇ to C₃₀, preferably C₇ to C₁₆ aralkyl radicals, for example, benzyl, phenylethyl, dibutylbenzyl, 2-ethyl-3-butoxybenzyl, etc.; and (e) their halo, particularly chloro and bromo, alkylthio-(radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms), alkoxy-(radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms), acyl and carboalkoxy-(radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms) substituted derivatives; Y is a sulfur or oxygen atom and X is a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine and bromine atoms. Most preferably, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are methyl, ethyl of phenyl radicals, Y is an oxygen atom and X is a chlorine atom.

Representative examples of useful acylthiosulfenyl chlorides, phosphorylsulfenyl halides and thiophosphorysulfenyl halides include: acetylthiosulfenyl chloride, propionylthiosulfenyl chloride, caproylthiosulfenyl chloride, styroylthiosulfenyl bromide, benzoylthiosulfenyl bromide, dodecylbenzoylthiosulfenyl chloride, cyclohexylacetylthiosulfenyl chloride, thiobenzoylthiosulfenyl chloride, 0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, 0,0'-diethylthiophosphorylsulfenyl bromide, 0,0'-diphenylphosphorylsulfenyl bromide, 0,0'-dibenzylphosphorysulfenyl bromide, 0,0'-diphenylethylphosphorysulfenyl chloride, 0,0'-di-t-butyl-thiophosphorysulfenyl bromide, diphenylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, 0-ethyl-phenylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, didodecylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, 0-chlorophenyl-chloromethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, dibenzylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, diphenylethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, ditolylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride, etc.

The unsaturated hydrocarbons employed to prepare the compositions of the instant invention are, in general, C₂ to C₅₀ hydrocarbons containing at least one acetylenic triple bond, C₃ to C₅₀ hydrocarbons containing at least one non-aromatic ethylenic double bond and analogs thereof. Useful acetylenic compounds include: C₂ to C₁₀, preferably C₂ to C₆ alkyl acetylenes, such as acetylene, methylacetylene, butyne-1, butyne-2, hexyne-1, octyne-3, etc.; phenyl acetylene; C₉ to C₁₄ aralkyl acetylene compounds, e.g. 3-phenylpropyne-1, 4-phenylbutyne-2, 3-phenylhexyne-1, etc.; and C₉ to C₁₄ alkyl substituted phenylacetylenes, such as 3-t-butylphenylacetylene, 2,4-diethylphenylacetylene, 2-methylphenylacetylene, 4-octylphenylacetylene, etc.

Preferably, the ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons are (a) C₃ to C₅₀, more preferably C₃ to C₃₀, and most preferably C₃ to C₁₃ acyclic unsymmetrical monoolefins, that is terminal olefins or internal olefins wherein the carbon atoms having the ethylenic site of unsaturation contain differing numbers of hydrogen atoms, for example, propylene, isobutylene, butene-1, dodecene-1, triacontene, hexene-1, 6-methylthiohexene-1, 8-carboethoxyoctene-1, 12-chlorododecene-1, etc.; (b) C_(4-C) ₁₄ conjugated and nonconjugated acyclic aliphatic multiolefins, preferably diolefins, e.g. 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-octadiene, trivinylcyclohexane, butadiene, isoprene, chloroprane, cyanoprene, piperylene, fluoroprene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, dimethylbutadiene, etc.; (c) C_(3-C) ₁₂ unsymmetrical alicyclic aliphatic monoolefins, for example, 1-methylcyclopentene, 1-ethylcyclooctene, 1-butylcycloheptene, etc.; (d) C₅ to C₁₂ alicyclic aliphatic diolefins, such as 1-methylcyclododecadiene-1,5, cyclododecadiene-1,3, 1-ethyl-cyclooctadiene-1,4, cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene, dimethyldicyclopentadine, etc.; (e) C₉ to C₁₆ alkenyl substituted aromatics, said alkenyl substitution preferably having the site of unsaturation located on the terminal carbon atom and having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as allyl benzene, 5-phenylhexene-1, allylnaphthylene, etc.; and (f) halogen, preferably chlorine, substituted derivatives thereof. Most preferably, the unsaturated hydrocarbons are straight chain terminal monoolefins or C₄ to C₁₀ conjugated acyclic diolefins. The olefinic and acetylenic compounds may be substituted or unsubstituted; however it is generally preferred that they be unsubstituted. Conjugated acyclic dienes, such as butadiene and chloroprene, are of particular interest because new products are formed therefrom which have higher reactivity than simple dienes. The preferred olefinic feedstocks have from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

The addition reactions occur at a temperature of from -100° C. to +100° C., preferabyl below about 0° C. and the pressure of the reaction should be maintained at from 5 psia to 140 psia, preferably at atmospheric pressure. In the addition reaction between a sulfenyl halide and a monoolefin, the reactants should be present in a mole ratio of sulfenyl halide to unsaturate, from 5:1 to 1:10, preferably from 1.1:1 to 1:1.1. If a diolefin or multiolefin is employed, for example, a conjugated diene such as butadiene, a 3-10 fold, preferably 2-5 fold, excess of the unsaturate should be employed. In reactions involving acetylenic compounds, the molar ratio of sulfenyl halide to acetylenic compound within the reaction zone should be maintained between 50:1 to 2:1, preferably from 5:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the reactants are brought together in the liquid state.

If liquid olefinic or acetylenic unsaturates are utilized, the sulfenyl halide may be added slowly, preferably dropwise, to an excess of unsaturate to control the temperature. The reaction temperature is preferably maintained at less than 0° C, for a period of from 0.1 to 5 hours. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is brought slowly to room temperature and the excess unsaturate and solvent are removed under reduced pressure. The crude product may be distilled under high vacuum and low temperatures.

Sulfenyl halides may be reacted with gaseous olefins by bubbling the gas through the sulfenyl halide. It has been discovered, however, that better yields are obtained if the sulfenyl halide is dropped slowly into a solution of the gaseous olefins in a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethyl ether, dimethyl sulfide, hydrocarbons or the like. The volume ratio of solvent to reactant, for reactions involving either gaseous or normally liquid unsaturates, may range from 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.

The novel compositions of this invention include the acylthiosulfenyl, phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl adducts of open-chain conjugated dienes having the general formulae: ##STR4## wherein x, R₁ and X are defined as above and R', R", R"', and R"" represents the residues of the starting C₄ to C₁₄ acylic conjugated diolefin. More particularly, R', R", R"' and R"" denote either hydrogen atoms, chlorine atoms or monovalent lower alkyl radicals, the sum of the carbon atoms of all of the lower alkyl radicals not exceeding about 10 carbon atoms, preferably not exceeding about 6 carbons.

Other novel compositions include the monoadducts of acylthiosulfenyl halides, phosphoryl sulfenyl halides and thiophosphorylsulfenyl halides with a monoacetylenic compounds, such monoadducts having the general formulae: ##STR5## wherein x, R₁, R₂, R₃, Y and X are as defined about and R₄ and R₅ are the residues of the starting acetylenic compound. Preferably, R₄ and R₅ are hydrogen atoms, monovalent alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms (the sum of the carbon atoms of the R₄ and R₅ alkyl chains not exceeding about 8, preferably not exceeding about 4 carbon atoms), phenyl radicals, alkyl substituted phenyl radicals, and phenyl substituted alkyl radicals having from 7 to 16 carbon atoms.

Anti-Markownikov oriented adducts produced by the addition of acylthiosulfenyl halides, thiophoxphorylsulfenyl halides or phosphorylsulfenyl halides to terminal olefins are also included. Such adducts have the following general formulae: ##STR6## wherein x, R₁, R₂, R₃, X and Y are as previously defined, and R₆ and R₇ are the residues of the starting terminal aliphatic monoolefin. Specifically, R₆ is a C₁ to C₁₂ alkyl radical, a phenyl radical, or a C₇ to C₁₄ aralkyl radical, and R₇ is a hydrogen radical or a hydrocarbyl radical of the type described with reference to R₆.

The presticidal compositions prepared with the compositions of the present invention can be employed either in solid or liquid form. When used in solid form they may be reduced to an impalpable powder and applied as an undiluted dust or mixed with a solid carrier such as clay, talc and bentonite, as well as other inert carriers known in the art. The pesticidal compositions can also be applied as an atomized spray or in a liquid carrier either as the solution in a solvent or as an emulsion in a nonsolvent such as water. In the diluted solid or liquid form the compositions of the instant invention can be employed in an amount of from between 0.01 and about 5 weight percent based on the inert carrier. Typical liquid solvents include such compounds as acetone, ethyl alcohol, benzene, naphtha and the like. Suitable wetting agents such as long chain alcohols, sulfonated amide and ester derivatives sulfonated aromatic and mixed alkyl aryl derivatives, ester or fatty acids and petroleum sulfonates of C₁₀ to C₂₀ nonionic emulsifying agents can also be employed in perparing the pesticidal compositions. The compounds of this invention can also be admixed with carriers that are themselves pesticides.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

Acetylthiosulfenyl chloride was added dropwise to a 50% solution of propylene in methylene dichloride that contained 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %, based on total propylene/methylene chloride solution, of anhydrous calcium carbonate. A 3-neck flask fitted with a thermometer, a condenser with nitrogen purge, and addition funnel and a magnetic stirrer was used in the reaction, The propylene and acetylthiosulfenyl chloride were employed in equimolar amounts. The reaction mixture was maintained at -35° C. The reaction occured instantaneously and substantially quantitatively. Upon completion of the reaction , the solvent was removed at 0° C. and 15 millimeters of mercury pressure and the crude product analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. The sample was further purified by distillation under reduced pressure and was then re-analyzed. As noted in Table I, the anti-Markownikov oriented adduct was produced in a high proportion.

EXAMPLE 2

Acetylthiosulfenyl chloride was added to 3,3-dimethylbutene under the conditions described in Example 1. The reaction temperature, however, was maintained at -15° C. As shown in Table I, 82% of the anti-Markownikov adduct was formed.

EXAMPLE 3

As shown in Table I, the Markownikov oriented 1,2-adduct was obtained exclusively by reacting acetylthiosulfenyl chloride, CH₃ C(O)SSCl, with a 5-fold excess of butadiene under conditions recited in Example 1. The reaction temperature, however, was maintained at -20° C.

EXAMPLE 4

Acetylthiosulfenyl chloride, CH₃ C(O)S₂ Cl, was reacted with piperylene in accordance with Example 3. Table I shows that the 1,2-adduct, ##STR7## was the predominant product obtained.

                                      TABLE I                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Acetylthiosulfenyl Chloride Unsaturate Monoadducts and                         Some Physical-Analytical Data of the Products                                  CH.sub.3 COSSR                                                                 __________________________________________________________________________                Mole Ratio    Adduct                                                           Substrate/                                                                            Reaction                                                                              Isomer %.sup.a                                                                       Structure I Structure II Summary                Substrate  RSCl   Temp. ° C.                                                                     I II  R           R            Formula                __________________________________________________________________________     Propylene  1      -78    60                                                                               40                                                                                  ##STR8##                                                                                   ##STR9##    C.sub.5 H.sub.9                                                                S.sub.2 OCl            3,3-Dimethyl butene                                                                       1      -15    82                                                                               18                                                                                  ##STR10##                                                                                  ##STR11##   C.sub.8 H.sub.15                                                               S.sub.2 OCl            Butadiene  5      -20      100                                                                                             ##STR12##   C.sub.6 H.sub.9                                                                S.sub.2 OCl            Piperylene 5      -20    82                                                                               5.sup.b                                                                             ##STR13##                                                                                  ##STR14##   C.sub.7 H.sub.11                                                               S.sub.2 OCl             .sup.a Based on semiquantitative n.m.r. analysis of the crude reaction         products.                                                                      .sup.b In addition, 13% of CH.sub.3 COS.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CHCHCH(Cl)CH.sub.3      was produced.                                                            

    Adduct                                                                                               Elemental Composition                                                          Calculated           Found                               Substrate   B.P. ° C. (mm)                                                                    C      H      S      C      H     S                      __________________________________________________________________________     Propylene   60-61(0.25)                                                                              32.52  4.91   34.72  32.54  5.23  35.00                  3,3,-Dimethyl butene                                                                       87(0.30)  42.37  6.67   28.28  42.93  6.69  28.42                  Butadiene   75(0.35)  36.64  4.61   32.60  36.62  4.53  32.63                  Piperylene  82(0.05)  39.89  5.26   30.43  40.32  5.37  30.19                  __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 5

0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride was prepared in high yield (greater than 90%) by reacting trimethylphosphorothionate with a molar equivalent of sulfuryl chloride. The reaction temperature was maintained below 0° C. The removal of the gaseous products under high vacuum afforded the phosphorylsulfenyl chloride. This procedure was developed after it was found that considerbly lower yields and no high product purity resulted from preparation of the sulfenyl chloride in benzene with a final vacuum distillation. The 0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride was then reacted with ethylene, propylene, pentene-1, butadiene, isoprene, methylacetylene and allene. Reactions involving liquid unsaturates were performed in accordance with the conditions disclosed in Example 6 and the reactions involving gaseous unsaturates were performed in accordance with the description in Example 7.

EXAMPLE 6

The 0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride prepared in accordance with the description of Example 5 was added dropwise to a 5 molar excess of the liquid unsaturate (equimolar in the case of olefins) contained in a 3-neck flask fitted with a thermometer, a condenser with nitrogen purge, an addition funnel and a magnetic stirrer. The reaction temperature was maintained below 0° C. with an ice-salt bath. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was brought slowly to room temperature. The excess unsaturate was removed under reduced pressure and the remaining oil taken up in ether. The ethereal solution was washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution until basic and then with water until neutral and was then dried over magnesium sulfate. Then the ether was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining crude product was then distilled under high vacuum using an apparatus with a heated, packed column and a short-path condenser.

EXAMPLE 7

For reactions involving gaseous unsaturates, 100 milliliters of dried methylene chloride were placed in a 250 milliliter, 4-neck flask fitted with a thermometer, a condenser with nitrogen purge, a dropping funnel with glass tubing extending below the surface of the methylene chloride. A 5 molar excess of the gaseous unsaturate (equimolar amounts for olefin reactions) was condensed into the flask which was kept in dry ice-isopropanol bath. The appropriate amount of 0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride was added slowly to the unsaturate-methylene chloride solution. After the addition was complete the reaction mixture was allowed to come slowly to room temperature and worked up as described in the previous example.

EXAMPLE 8

All of the products prepared in accordance with Example 6 and Example 7 were analyzed by G.L.C. ahd N.M.R. Yields were calculated from an analysis of the crude products. As is shown in Table II, a major proportion of the anti-Markownikov oriented products, labeled "Structure I", was produced in case of olefins. Decomposition during distillation diminished the yields. All distilled products were also analyzed by N.M.R. and G.L.C.

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________     O,O'-DIMETHYLPHOSPHORYLSULFENYL CHLORIDE-UNSATURATE MONO-ADDITIONS             AND SOME PHYSICAL-ANALYTICAL DATA OF THE PRODUCTS                              (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 P(O)SR                                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Olefin, 5 mole  Selectivity                                                    per Mole Sulfenyl                                                                         Yield.sup.a,                                                                        for Adduct.sup.a                                                                      Structure I                                                                               Structure II                                                                              Summary B.P. Uncorr.,             Chloride   %    I:II   R          R          Formula ° C.               __________________________________________________________________________                                                          (mm.)                     Ethylene   25   100%   CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl  C.sub.4 H.sub.10 O.sub.3                                                       OSCl    82.5 (0.30)               Propylene  29   51:49                                                                                  ##STR15##                                                                                 ##STR16## C.sub.5 H.sub.12 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    83.5 (0.30)               Pentene-1   71.sup.b                                                                           65:35                                                                                  ##STR17##                                                                                 ##STR18## C.sub.7 H.sub.16 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    94 (0.004)                Butadiene  97   73:27                                                                                  ##STR19##                                                                                 ##STR20## C.sub.6 H.sub.12 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    104-106 (0.025)           Isoprene    59.sup.b                                                                           65:35                                                                                  ##STR21##                                                                                 ##STR22## C.sub.7 H.sub.14 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    117-120 (0.0005)          Methyl Acetylene                                                                          45.sup.b                                                                            71:29                                                                                  ##STR23##                                                                                 ##STR24## C.sub.5 H.sub.10 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    74-77 (0.22)              Allene     53.sup.b                                                                            100                                                                                    ##STR25##            C.sub.5 H.sub.10 O.sub.3                                                       PSCl    84.5-86                   __________________________________________________________________________                                                          (0.24)                     .sup.a Based on the weight and semiquantitative N.M.R. analysis of the         crude reaction products because of decomposition of adducts during             distillation.                                                                  .sup.b Theoretical yield is based on quantity of SP(CCH.sub.3).sub.3 used      because the sulfenyl chloride was not isolated.                          

EXAMPLE 9

The 0,0'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride adducts of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, methyl acetylene and allene were tested for their insecticidal activity. These tests were carried out by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. An acetone solution of the individual adducts was dispersed in distilled water with an emulsifier to give spray emulsions of 0.05% adduct. These emulsions were used in standard laboratory insecticidal tests as is shown in Table III. The materials prepared in accordance with this invention were at a concentration of 0.05% effective in killing house flies and Mexican bean beetles. They were of course somewhat less effective at lower concentrations.

                                      TABLE III                                    __________________________________________________________________________                         Mortality                                                                                         Mexican                                                     Isomer       House Bean   Pea Aphids Mites                                     Ratio  Conc.,                                                                               flies Beetles                                                                               Contact                                                                              Systemic                                                                            Contact               Compounds           %      %     24 hrs.                                                                              48 hrs.                                                                               48 hrs.                                                                              5 Days                                                                              5                     __________________________________________________________________________                                                              Days                  (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 P(O)SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl                                                              0.05  100   100    20    100  100                    ##STR26##           49     0.05  70    50     20    80   69                    ##STR27##           51                                                         ##STR28##           73     0.05  100   40     50    0    61                   (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 P(O)SCH.sub.2 CHCHCH.sub.2 Cl                                                   27                                                          ##STR29##           65     0.05  80    100    80    0    47                    ##STR30##           35     0.005                                                                                --    50     --    --   0                     ##STR31##                 0.05  96    100    40    20   39                     ##STR32##                 0.05  12    100    40    0    65                    __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 10

The adducts described in Example 9 were also tested as nematocides. Meloidighyne species, nematodes were reared in tomato plant-soil medium. Soil for test purposes was innoculated with infected soil and root knots. In the modified test for the compounds with high vapor pressure, 3 milliliters acetone solution of the sample was inserted in the soil and the soil was kept sealed for 5 days; then ball milled for 5 minutes and then held for an additional 2 days before plotting and planting of tomato plants. In a routine test, the same procedure was used without the 5 day sealing. One pint paper pots were used for each treatment with one tomato transplant per pot. After three to four weeks under artificial light and overhead irrigation the roots of the plants were examined to determine the degree of root knot formation. Innoculated controls normally had about 50 to 100 root knots per plant. Percent control was determined by comparison of the root knots on treated and untreated tomato plants. As is shown in Table IV, the adducts tested demonstrated nematocidal activity at a concentration of 40 lbs. per acre.

                                      TABLE IV                                     __________________________________________________________________________                            Rate of                                                                  Isomer                                                                               Application                                                                           of Nematodes, %                                  Compound         %     Lb./Acre                                                                              Modified Test                                                                           Routine Test                            __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR33##        49                                                                                   40     20       --                                      ##STR34##       51                                                             ##STR35##        73                                                                                   40     56       --                                      ##STR36##       27                                                             ##STR37##        40                                                                                   40     50       --                                      ##STR38##       60                                                            __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 11

Substantially equimolar amounts of phenylacetylene and propionylthiosulfenyl chloride are reacted at a temperature of about -10° C. following the procedure of Example 6. An unsaturated adduct product is thus obtained.

EXAMPLE 12 EXAMPLE 12

O,O'-dimethylphosphorylsulfenyl bromide is added, following the procedure of Example 6, to a molar excess of heptene-1. A product composed predominantly of the anti-Markownikov adduct is thus obtained.

0,0'-diisopropylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride and 1,5-hexadiene are reacted following the general procedure of Example 6. A large proportion of the crude product recovered from the reaction is composed of the anti-Markownikov oriented adduct.

EXAMPLE 14

0,0'-dicyclohexylthiophosphorylsulfenyl chloride is reacted with 1-methyl-cyclohexene at a temperature of about -15° C. The reaction conditions and equipment employed are the same as those employed in Example 6. After about 4 hours of reaction time, a high proportion of anti-Markownikov adduct is obtained.

EXAMPLE 15

Diphenylphosphorylsulfenyl chloride is reacted with butadiene in the manner described in Example 7 to yield major amounts of the corresponding Markownikov type 1,2-monoadduct.

What is claimed is: 

1. Compounds selected from the group of compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR39## wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of C₁ -C₁₄ alkyl radicals and C₆ -C₁₆ aryl radicals. 